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INS Vaghsheer

29 Dec 2025 GS 3 Defence
INS Vaghsheer Click to view full image

Context:

The President of India Droupadi Murmu undertook a dive sortie onboard the Indian Navy’s submarine INS Vaghsheer on the western seaboard.

She embarked on the indigenous Kalvari-class submarine at the Karwar Naval Harbour in Karnataka.

President Murmu became only the second President of India to undertake a sortie onboard a submarine after the late former President A.P.J. Abdul Kalam.

  • INS Vaghsheer is a Kalvari-class (Scorpène-class) diesel-electric attack submarine of the Indian Navy.

  • It is the sixth and final submarine built under Project-75, marking completion of India’s first indigenous Scorpène construction line.

Key features

  • Type: Diesel-electric attack submarine (SSK)

  • Builder: Mazagon Dock Shipbuilders Limited (MDL), Mumbai

  • Technology partner: Naval Group, France

  • Displacement: ~1,615 tonnes (surfaced)

  • Endurance: ~50 days

  • Stealth: Advanced acoustic quieting, low radiated noise

  • Weapons: Heavy-weight torpedoes, Exocet anti-ship missiles, naval mines

  • Role: Sea denial, anti-surface and anti-submarine warfare, intelligence/surveillance

Significance

  • Completes Project-75, strengthening under-sea deterrence in the Indian Ocean Region.

  • Represents major indigenisation—large portions of hull fabrication, outfitting, and integration done in India.

  • Enhances operational availability with common logistics, training, and maintenance across the Kalvari class.

Kalvari-class submarines (Project-75)

  • INS Kalvari

  • INS Khanderi

  • INS Karanj

  • INS Vela

  • INS Vagir

  • INS Vaghsheer

Quick facts (Prelims value)

  • Project-75 ≠ Project-75(I): Project-75 is the Scorpène line; Project-75(I) is a separate, next-generation submarine programme.

  • SSK submarines rely on batteries/diesel; future upgrades may consider AIP on newer projects.

  • Built at MDL, not abroad—key for “Make in India” in defence.

Prelims Practice MCQs

Q. INS Vaghsheer is best described as which of the following?

(a) Nuclear-powered ballistic missile submarine
(b) Diesel-electric attack submarine under Project-75
(c) Nuclear-powered attack submarine under ATV programme
(d) Air-independent propulsion submarine under Project-75(I)

Correct answer: (b)

Explanation:
INS Vaghsheer is a diesel-electric attack submarine (SSK) of the Kalvari (Scorpène) class, built under Project-75.

  • It is not nuclear-powered (rules out a and c).

  • Project-75(I) is a separate future programme (rules out d).



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