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Nepal officially joined International Big Cat Alliance (IBCA)

25 Aug 2025 GS 3 Environment
Nepal officially joined International Big Cat Alliance (IBCA) Click to view full image

Big cats in Nepal: Tiger, Snow Leopard, Common Leopard.

International Big Cat Alliance (IBCA)

Launch & Establishment:

  • Announced by PM Narendra Modi on 9 April 2023 during 50 years of Project Tiger  in Mysuru, Karnataka.

  • Union Cabinet approval: 29 Feb 2024.

  • Established: 12 March 2024, through National Tiger Conservation Authority (NTCA), MoEFCC.

  • HQ: India.

  • Initial Govt. Support: One time support ₹150 crore for 5 years (2023–24 to 2027–28).

  • Patterned on the International Solar Alliance (ISA) model.

Members & Scope:

  • 95 Range countries hosting the 7 big cats.
  • Non-range countries willing to support conservation.
  • Seven species covered:

    1. Tiger

    2. Lion

    3. Leopard

    4. Snow Leopard

    5. Cheetah

    6. Jaguar

    7. Puma

  • Found in India: (5) Tiger, Lion, Leopard, Snow Leopard, Cheetah.

Objectives:

  • Global collaboration for big cat conservation.

  • Halt and reverse decline in big cat populations.

  • Share & replicate India’s conservation best practices.

  • Integrate biodiversity policies with UN SDGs (climate change, poverty reduction, food security).

  • Serve as a central repository for conservation know-how & funds.

Approach & Functions:

  • Knowledge sharing, capacity building, networking, research, advocacy.

  • Corpus fund with contributions from bilateral/multilateral agencies, corporates, financial institutions.

  • Strengthen species-specific platforms & transnational conservation efforts.

  • Promote habitat restoration and ecosystem-based climate adaptation.

  • Engage youth, local communities & brand ambassadors for awareness.

  • Helps tackle challenges like:

    • Poaching & illegal wildlife trade

    • Habitat loss & fragmentation

    • Human-wildlife conflict

    • Climate change effects on fragile ecosystems

India’s Role

  • Pioneer in Project Tiger (1973) & Asiatic Lion Conservation in Gir.

  • Snow Leopard conservation under SECURE Himalaya Project.

  • Recent success in Cheetah reintroduction (Kuno National Park, 2022).

Governance:

IBCA governance consists of Assembly of Members, Standing Committee and a Secretariat with its Head Quarter in India.

  • Assembly of Members (apex body).

  • Standing Committee.

  • Secretariat in India.

  • International Steering Committee to finalise framework & agreements.

  • First Assembly (16 June 2025, New Delhi) — attended by 9 countries, endorsed:

    • Bhupender Yadav as President.

    • S.P. Yadav as Director General.

    • Ratified HQ Agreement, workplan, rules of procedure, staff & finance manual.

SpeciesScientific NameIUCN Red ListCITESIndian Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972
TigersPanthera tigrisEndangeredAppendix-ISchedule-I
LionsPanthera leoVulnerableAppendix-ISchedule-I
LeopardsPanthera pardusVulnerableAppendix-ISchedule-I
Snow LeopardsPanthera unciaVulnerableAppendix-ISchedule-I
PumasPuma concolorLeast ConcernedAppendix II (P.c. costaricensis & cougar: Appendix-I)NA
JaguarsPanthera oncaNear ThreatenedAppendix-INA
CheetahsAcinonyx jubatusVulnerableAppendix-ISchedule-I

Note: The big cats that do not belong to the genus Panthera include the cheetah (Acinonyx jubatus) and the puma or cougar (Puma concolor). These cats are distinct from Panthera big cats (lions, tigers, jaguars, leopards, and snow leopards) because they lack a fully ossified hyoid bone, preventing them from roaring, and instead make purring or chirping sounds.


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