Red Sea and EU's Aspides Mission

Why in news : Germany has accused the Chinese military of targeting a German reconnaissance aircraft with a laser during a routine patrol over the Red Sea. The incident occurred while the aircraft was participating in the EU-led Aspides mission, aimed at protecting marine traffic in the region

EU's Aspides Mission

Aspides (Greek for "shield") is the European Union’s naval mission launched in February 2024 to protect maritime traffic in the Red Sea, Gulf of Aden, and surrounding waters.

Background and Need

• Triggered by escalating attacks on commercial vessels by Houthi rebels in Yemen, who claim to be targeting Israel-linked shipping in response to the Gaza conflict.
• These attacks disrupted global trade through the Bab el-Mandeb Strait and Suez Canal, critical chokepoints for international maritime commerce.

Mission Objectives

1.     Protect commercial shipping in the Red Sea region.

2.     Ensure freedom of navigation in international waters.

3.     Conduct defensive naval operations, including:

o   Escorting merchant vessels.

o   Intercepting threats (like drones or missiles) targeting shipping lanes.

Mandate & Structure

• Operates under EU’s Common Security and Defence Policy (CSDP).
• It is a defensive mission, separate from U.S.-led Operation Prosperity Guardian, though coordination exists.
• Headquartered in Larissa, Greece.
• Italy leads the operation, providing the flagship and commanding officer.
• Includes contributions from France, Germany, Belgium, Denmark, Greece, and others.

Key Features

• Emphasizes multinational European military cooperation in a sensitive maritime region.
• Part of the EU’s strategy to project strategic autonomy and protect its trade interests independently.
• Responds to the EU’s Global Gateway initiative and Indo-Pacific strategy.